Cymbidium orchids are prized for their long-lasting, elegant blooms and versatility in both indoor and outdoor gardens. This list covers 24 distinct cymbidium orchid varieties, showcasing a range of colors, shapes, and growing habits. Whether you’re a beginner orchid grower or a seasoned collector, these varieties offer something unique to enhance your collection.
Cymbidium ensifolium
Known as the “Sword-leaf Cymbidium,” this species is one of the smallest and earliest blooming cymbidiums. It features narrow, grass-like leaves and delicate flowers that often emit a sweet fragrance. Its compact size makes it ideal for indoor growers with limited space.
Cymbidium tracyanum
This variety is notable for its large, fragrant flowers with a striking green and brown pattern. Native to Myanmar and northern Thailand, it thrives in cooler temperatures and is valued for its dramatic, exotic appearance. Its blooms can reach up to 6 inches across, making it a standout in any collection.
Cymbidium lowianum
With large, waxy flowers that can be green, yellow, or brown with red markings, Cymbidium lowianum is a robust species that prefers cool, moist environments. It is often used in hybridizing due to its strong growth and distinctive coloration. The flowers can last for several weeks, providing extended enjoyment.
Cymbidium dayanum
This variety produces fragrant, pale yellow to greenish flowers with a distinctive red lip. It is native to Indonesia and is favored for its elegant, star-shaped blooms. It prefers intermediate temperatures and moderate humidity, making it suitable for many climates.
Cymbidium aloifolium
Commonly called the “Aloe-leaf Cymbidium,” it features long, narrow leaves and small, fragrant flowers that are greenish-yellow with maroon spots. This species is unique for its pendant flower spikes, which add visual interest. It grows well in warm, humid conditions and blooms in late summer.
Cymbidium sinense
One of the most traditional cymbidium species in Chinese horticulture, Cymbidium sinense produces fragrant, pale green to yellow flowers with a red or brown lip. It is highly prized for its scent and elegant flower form and is often associated with cultural symbolism in East Asia.
Cymbidium devonianum
Featuring large, star-shaped flowers in shades of green and brown with a bright lip, this species is native to the Himalayas. It prefers cool to intermediate temperatures and is valued for its striking, long-lasting blooms. Its upright flower spikes can carry multiple blossoms, making it visually impressive.
Cymbidium iridioides
This variety is characterized by its yellow-green flowers with dark spots and a bright orange lip. It is native to China and Vietnam and prefers cool, shaded environments. Its spotted pattern adds a unique texture to any orchid display.
Cymbidium aloifolium var. formosanum
A regional variant of the aloe-leaf cymbidium found in Taiwan, this variety features slightly larger flowers and a more intense fragrance. It thrives in subtropical climates and is prized for its adaptability to different growing conditions.
Cymbidium faberi
Native to China, this species produces pale green to yellow flowers with reddish-brown markings on the lip. It blooms in winter to early spring, offering color when few other orchids flower. Its compact growth habit suits small spaces.
Cymbidium erythraeum
Known for its striking reddish-brown flowers with yellow accents, this species grows naturally in the Himalayas. It prefers cooler climates and produces multiple flowers per spike. Its rich coloration makes it a favorite among collectors seeking bold colors.
Cymbidium kanran
Called the “Cold Cymbidium” in Japan, Cymbidium kanran is prized for its winter-blooming habit and fragrant, pale green flowers with a reddish lip. It requires cooler temperatures to bloom successfully and is often grown as a prized seasonal orchid in temperate regions.
Cymbidium madidum
Native to Australia, this species features greenish flowers with reddish markings on the lip. It is adapted to warm, humid environments and is often found in rainforest habitats. Its unique geographic origin makes it a specialty for collectors interested in diverse cymbidium species.
Cymbidium giganteum
As the name suggests, this species boasts some of the largest flowers among cymbidiums, with blooms up to 8 inches wide. The flowers are typically greenish-yellow with maroon markings. It prefers cool, mountainous regions and is a showstopper in any collection.
Cymbidium goeringii
Widely cultivated in East Asia, this species produces fragrant, small to medium-sized flowers in shades of green, yellow, or brown. It blooms in late winter to early spring and is valued for its scent and delicate appearance. It grows well in pots and garden beds alike.
Cymbidium mastersii
This variety features greenish-yellow flowers with brownish markings and a white lip tinged with red. Native to the Himalayas, it thrives in cool to intermediate temperatures and is valued for its strong growth and multiple-flower spikes. It is often used in hybrid development.
Cymbidium tigrinum
Known for its tiger-striped flowers, this species has yellow petals and sepals with distinctive brown spots and streaks. It blooms in late winter or early spring and is prized for its exotic, wild appearance. It prefers cool to intermediate growing conditions.
Cymbidium tracyanum var. album
A white-flowered variant of the popular Cymbidium tracyanum, this variety produces large, fragrant blooms with a pure white coloration and subtle green lip. It is highly sought after for its elegance and rarity. Like the typical tracyanum, it prefers cooler environments.
Cymbidium sinense var. pumilum
A dwarf form of Cymbidium sinense, this variety is ideal for growers with limited space. It produces smaller flowers but retains the species’ characteristic fragrance and coloration. It is easier to manage indoors and blooms reliably in winter.
Cymbidium hookerianum
This species produces large, fragrant flowers that range from greenish-yellow to brown with red markings. Native to the Himalayas, it prefers cooler climates and is valued for its sturdy growth and multiple inflorescences. Its flowers often have a waxy texture.
Cymbidium dayanum var. alba
A rare white variant of Cymbidium dayanum, this variety has pale cream to white flowers with a delicate red lip. It is prized for its subtle beauty and fragrance. It requires intermediate temperatures and moderate humidity to thrive.
Cymbidium tracyanum var. fuscum
This dark-colored variant of Cymbidium tracyanum features deep brown to almost black flowers with green highlights. It is prized for its dramatic coloration and strong fragrance. Cooler growing conditions enhance its color intensity.
Cymbidium sinense var. alba
A white-flowered form of Cymbidium sinense, this variety is less common but highly valued for its pure white blooms and sweet fragrance. It is well-suited for collectors who appreciate subtle hues and traditional species. It blooms in winter and prefers cooler conditions.
Cymbidium devonianum var. alba
A white variant of the Himalayan Cymbidium devonianum, this variety produces large, waxy white flowers with a faintly pink lip. It is rare and prized among enthusiasts for its elegance and size. It requires cool to intermediate temperatures and good air circulation.
How to Choose
When selecting a cymbidium orchid variety, consider your climate and growing conditions first—some species prefer cool mountainous environments while others thrive in warmer, subtropical areas. Flower size, color, and fragrance are personal preferences but also influence care needs; larger flowers typically require more space and support. Blooming season matters too, as some varieties flower in winter, providing color during colder months. Lastly, think about your experience level; compact or dwarf varieties like Cymbidium sinense var. pumilum are easier for beginners, while larger or more temperamental species may suit advanced growers better.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How long do cymbidium orchid flowers last?
Typically, cymbidium flowers can last 6 to 8 weeks, sometimes longer with optimal care.
Q: Can cymbidium orchids be grown indoors?
Yes, many varieties do well indoors if they receive bright, indirect light and cool to intermediate temperatures.
Q: What is the best temperature range for cymbidiums?
Most cymbidiums prefer daytime temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C) and cooler nights around 50-55°F (10-13°C) to encourage blooming.
Q: Do cymbidium orchids need special soil?
They require a well-draining orchid mix, typically composed of bark, perlite, and charcoal, to prevent root rot.
Q: How often should cymbidiums be watered?
Watering once a week is usually sufficient, allowing the medium to dry slightly between waterings.
Q: Are cymbidiums fragrant?
Many species and hybrids are fragrant, especially Cymbidium tracyanum, Cymbidium kanran, and Cymbidium sinense.
Final Thoughts
Cymbidium orchids offer an impressive diversity of species and varieties, each with its own charm and growing requirements. From the compact, fragrant Cymbidium ensifolium to the large and striking Cymbidium giganteum, there is a cymbidium for every orchid lover. By understanding your environment and preferences, you can select varieties that will thrive and bring long-lasting beauty to your collection.
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