Massachusetts is home to a surprisingly diverse array of lizard species, despite its generally cooler climate. If you’re a nature enthusiast, a student, or a homeowner curious about local wildlife, this list covers the main types of lizards you might encounter in the state. Understanding these lizards can help you appreciate their roles in the ecosystem and know how to identify them safely and accurately.
1. Common Five-Lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
The Common Five-Lined Skink is the most widespread lizard in Massachusetts. Recognizable by its shiny, smooth scales and five distinctive yellow or white lines running down its back, this skink is often seen basking on rocks or logs during warm months. Juveniles have bright blue tails, which fade as they mature, making them a favorite among wildlife watchers. Their presence indicates healthy, moist habitats like woodland edges and stone walls.
2. Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
Though less common than the skink, the Eastern Fence Lizard has been recorded in southern parts of Massachusetts. It features rough, keeled scales and a distinctive dark pattern on its back, often with a bluish tint on the throat and belly. They prefer sunny, rocky areas, such as stone walls and open woodlands, where they bask and hunt for insects. Their active behavior in warm weather makes them a delight for outdoor observers.
3. Little Brown Skink (Scincella lateralis)
The Little Brown Skink is a smaller, more elusive species that occasionally appears in the southern parts of Massachusetts. It measures about 4-6 inches and has a sleek, brown body with subtle striping. Preferring leaf litter and dense ground cover, these skinks are often overlooked but play a vital role in controlling insect populations. They are more secretive but can be spotted under logs or rocks.
4. Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis)
While primarily associated with the southeastern U.S., the Green Anole has been recorded in southern Massachusetts as a rare, introduced species. Known for its vibrant green color and ability to change to brown, it is often seen on shrubs or garden plants. Its presence in the state is likely due to escaped or released pets, and it prefers warm, sunny environments. The Green Anole is notable for its active, climbing behavior and bright coloration.
5. Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis)
Although not a true lizard, the Eastern Glass Lizard is a legless, snake-like reptile that occasionally appears in Massachusetts. It has a long, slender body with a shiny, smooth appearance, and can grow up to 4 feet long. Preferring open, sandy, or grassy habitats, these legless reptiles are often mistaken for snakes but can be distinguished by their eyelids and external ear openings. They are important indicators of healthy grassland ecosystems.
6. Northern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus)
A subspecies of the Eastern Fence Lizard, the Northern Fence Lizard is found in the southwestern parts of Massachusetts. It shares many physical traits with its eastern counterpart but tends to be slightly larger and darker. Like other fence lizards, it favors rocky outcroppings and sunny spots, where it basks and hunts for insects. Its hardy nature makes it a resilient species in varied habitats.
7. Western Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus)
This legless lizard is more common in the western United States but has been occasionally reported in Massachusetts. It resembles the Eastern Glass Lizard but tends to be more slender and prefers drier, sandy soils. They are secretive and hard to spot, often hiding beneath debris or in loose soil. Their presence highlights the diversity of reptile habitats in the region.
8. Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus)
Similar to its relatives, the Slender Glass Lizard is distinguished by its elongated, transparent body and lack of limbs. It inhabits grasslands and open woodlands, where it burrows or hides among leaf litter. These lizards are rarely seen due to their secretive nature, but their presence is crucial for the health of the ecosystem. They are often mistaken for snakes but can be distinguished by their movable eyelids and external ear openings.
9. Northern Coal Skink (Plestiodon anthracinus)
The Northern Coal Skink is a rare species that has been occasionally documented in the northeastern parts of Massachusetts. It has a dark, almost black body with a smooth, shiny surface and subtle striping. Preferring moist, forested environments, this skink is an important part of the local biodiversity. Its rarity makes it a species of interest for conservation efforts.
10. Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
Although technically a salamander, the Eastern Newt is often included in discussions about lizard-like amphibians in Massachusetts. It has an aquatic adult stage with a bright orange or red belly and a rough, textured skin. During its terrestrial eft stage, it is bright green with red spots, often seen wandering in damp forests and near ponds. Its complex life cycle and vibrant coloration make it a fascinating creature for nature enthusiasts.
How to Choose
When selecting which lizard species to observe or prioritize for conservation, consider factors such as habitat preference, size, behavior, and rarity. If you’re interested in common, easily observable species, the Five-Lined Skink and Fence Lizard are great starting points. For those passionate about rare or elusive species, the Northern Coal Skink or the Western Glass Lizard might be more appealing. Understanding the habitat and behavior of each species helps in spotting and appreciating them responsibly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are lizards common in Massachusetts?
While Massachusetts is not known for an abundance of lizards compared to southern states, several species, especially skinks, are fairly common in suitable habitats like rocky outcrops, woodlands, and gardens.
Can I keep Massachusetts lizards as pets?
Most native lizards are protected by law, and removing them from their natural habitat is discouraged. If interested in keeping lizards, consider non-native species like the Green Anole, but always check local regulations first.
What is the best time of year to see lizards in Massachusetts?
The warm months from late spring to early fall, typically May through September, are ideal for spotting active lizards, as they bask in the sun and are most active during this period.
Are there any dangerous lizards in Massachusetts?
No, Massachusetts does not have any venomous or dangerous lizard species. Most are harmless and pose no threat to humans.
How can I help protect lizards in Massachusetts?
Habitat preservation is key—avoid disturbing rocks, logs, and natural areas, and support local conservation efforts. Educating others about the importance of these reptiles also helps ensure their survival.
Final Thoughts
Massachusetts may not be the first place that comes to mind when thinking about lizards, but the state is home to a variety of fascinating species that contribute to its ecological diversity. From the well-known Five-Lined Skink to the elusive Glass Lizards, each plays a vital role in maintaining healthy ecosystems. By understanding and respecting these creatures, we can enjoy observing them while helping to ensure their continued presence for future generations.
Related
- Types of Big Lizards: A Guide to the Largest Reptiles
- Types of Bats with Wings: An In-Depth Guide to Bat Diversity
- Types of Bats with Long Tails: An In-Depth Guide