Wyoming is home to a diverse range of snake species, from harmless garter snakes to potentially dangerous rattlesnakes. This guide is designed for outdoor enthusiasts, hikers, nature lovers, and anyone interested in understanding the snakes they might encounter in Wyoming’s varied landscapes. Whether you’re planning a hiking trip in the mountains, exploring the plains, or simply want to identify local wildlife, knowing the different snake types is essential for safety and appreciation of Wyoming’s natural beauty.
Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)
The Western Rattlesnake is the most common venomous snake in Wyoming. It typically measures 2 to 3 feet long and has a distinctive rattle at the end of its tail, which it uses as a warning. Its color pattern varies from brown to gray with darker blotches down its back, helping it blend into rocky or grassy environments. Despite its venom, bites are rarely fatal if treated promptly, making awareness and caution vital when hiking or camping in rattlesnake habitats.
Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis)
A subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, the Prairie Rattlesnake prefers open prairies and grasslands. It tends to be slightly larger, reaching up to 3 feet in length, with a similar coloration pattern—light brown or gray with darker patches. Its habitat includes areas with sparse vegetation, and it plays a crucial role in controlling rodent populations. Recognizing this snake is important for safety, especially in less vegetated areas where they are more visible.
Great Basin Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer deserticola)
The Great Basin Gopher Snake is a non-venomous constrictor that can grow up to 5 feet long, making it one of Wyoming’s largest snakes. It has a yellowish or tan background color with dark blotches, resembling rattlesnakes but lacking a rattle. This snake is beneficial for controlling pests like gophers and mice and is often found in rocky hillsides, grasslands, and agricultural areas. Its docile nature means it rarely poses a threat to humans.
Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans)
Common throughout Wyoming, the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake is usually about 18 to 24 inches long. It has a distinctive pattern of yellow or greenish stripes running down its back against a dark brown or black background. These snakes are often found near water sources like streams, ponds, and wetlands, where they hunt for amphibians and fish. They are harmless and play a vital role in local ecosystems by controlling insect and small vertebrate populations.
Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps)
This small, secretive snake measures about 8 to 12 inches and is characterized by its black head and brown body. It prefers dry, sandy soils and is often found under rocks, logs, or leaf litter. Despite its striking appearance, the Plains Black-headed Snake is harmless and feeds mainly on small insects and centipedes. Its elusive nature makes it a fascinating find for herpetologists and nature explorers alike.
Rubber Boa (Charina bottae)
The Rubber Boa is a small, smooth snake that typically reaches 14 to 24 inches in length. Its shiny, rubbery skin gives it a distinctive appearance, and it is most often found in rocky crevices or under logs in forested or mountainous regions. This gentle snake preys on small mammals and lizards and is harmless to humans. Its secretive lifestyle and unique appearance make it a noteworthy species for wildlife watchers.
Western Fox Snake (Pantherophis vulpinus)
The Western Fox Snake is a non-venomous constrictor that can grow up to 4 feet long. It has a striking pattern of orange or brown blotches on a gray or tan background, resembling a fox’s face, hence the name. These snakes are beneficial predators of rodents and are commonly found in grasslands and open forests. They are generally shy and pose little threat to humans, making them a fascinating species to observe.
Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum)
Although less common, the Milksnake is present in some parts of Wyoming. It usually measures around 20 to 30 inches and has a distinctive pattern of red, black, and yellow or white bands. Its bright coloration mimics venomous coral snakes as a defense mechanism. Milksnakes are harmless constrictors that feed on small rodents and lizards, and they are appreciated for their striking appearance and beneficial role in controlling pests.
How to Choose
When selecting which snake species to learn about or observe, consider factors such as habitat, size, coloration, and behavior. Safety should be your priority—identify venomous species like rattlesnakes and understand their habits to avoid accidental encounters. Non-venomous snakes often have distinctive markings or behaviors that help differentiate them from their venomous counterparts. Always use reliable field guides and consult local wildlife authorities or experts for accurate identification and safety tips.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Are all snakes in Wyoming venomous? No, only the Western Rattlesnake is venomous; most other species are harmless.
- What should I do if I encounter a rattlesnake? Keep your distance, do not attempt to handle it, and give it space to retreat. If bitten, seek medical attention immediately.
- When are snakes most active in Wyoming? Snakes are most active during the warmer months from spring through early fall, especially in the daytime.
- How can I tell a harmless snake from a dangerous one? Look for specific markings, rattle presence, head shape, and color patterns. When in doubt, maintain a safe distance.
- Are snake bites common in Wyoming? No, bites are relatively rare, especially if you stay aware of your surroundings and avoid provoking snakes.
Final Thoughts
Wyoming’s diverse habitats host a variety of snake species, each playing a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. While some, like the Western Rattlesnake, warrant caution due to their venom, most snakes are harmless and beneficial. Learning to identify these snakes, understanding their behaviors, and respecting their space ensures safe coexistence and enhances your appreciation of Wyoming’s rich natural heritage. Whether you’re a hiker, photographer, or wildlife enthusiast, knowing about these snakes enriches your outdoor experience and fosters respect for the wilderness.
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