Alberta is home to a diverse array of squirrel species, each with unique behaviors, habitats, and appearances. Whether you’re a wildlife enthusiast, a nature lover, or simply curious about the local fauna, this listicle provides a detailed overview of the most common and interesting squirrel types in Alberta. Discover which species you might encounter in your backyard or while exploring the province’s forests and parks.
Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
The Eastern Gray Squirrel is one of the most recognizable squirrels in Alberta, especially in urban parks and residential areas. They have predominantly gray fur with a white belly and are known for their adaptability to human environments. These squirrels are highly intelligent, often seen storing food for winter, and are a favorite among wildlife watchers for their playful behavior.
The Red Squirrel is smaller than the gray and boasts a vibrant reddish coat with white underparts. Commonly found in coniferous forests across Alberta, they are known for their loud chattering and energetic movements. Red squirrels play a crucial role in seed dispersal, particularly of pine and spruce cones, making them vital to forest health.
Douglas Squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii)
Although more common in the Pacific Northwest, the Douglas Squirrel occasionally appears in southwestern Alberta’s forested regions. It resembles the red squirrel but tends to be slightly larger with a more pronounced reddish hue. They are notable for their loud, musical calls and preference for mature coniferous forests.
American Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus americanus)
Often confused with the red squirrel, the American Red Squirrel is found in the boreal forests of northern Alberta. They are smaller than their eastern counterparts and are characterized by their fiery red coats and bushy tails. These squirrels are aggressive and territorial, often defending their nests vigorously against intruders.
Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus)
The Northern Flying Squirrel is a nocturnal species inhabiting mature forests with dense canopies. They are small, with soft grayish-brown fur and a distinctive gliding membrane called a patagium that allows them to soar between trees. Their nocturnal habits make them elusive, but they are fascinating for their ability to travel long distances through the forest canopy.
Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Although less common in Alberta, the Southern Flying Squirrel occasionally appears in southern parts of the province, especially in protected woodland areas. Similar in appearance to the Northern Flying Squirrel, they are slightly smaller and prefer deciduous forests. Their gentle gliding behavior and nocturnal activity make them a unique sight for wildlife enthusiasts.
Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus)
While primarily found in the southern plains, occasional sightings of the Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel occur in Alberta’s grasslands and open fields. Recognizable by their striking striped pattern on the back, these ground squirrels are highly social and live in burrow systems. They are important for aerating soil and controlling insect populations.
Spotted Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma)
This ground squirrel inhabits the grasslands and open areas of Alberta, distinguished by its spotted fur and smaller size. They are diurnal, foraging during the day, and tend to stay close to their burrows. Their presence indicates healthy grassland ecosystems, and they often serve as prey for larger predators.
Yellow-pine Chipmunk (Tamias amoenus)
The Yellow-pine Chipmunk is common in Alberta’s pine forests, recognized by its distinctive yellowish markings and striped face. These chipmunks are known for their cheek pouches used to store food, which they hoard in underground burrows. They are active during the day and are often seen scurrying among rocks and fallen logs.
How to Choose the Right Squirrel for Observation or Study
When selecting which squirrel species to observe or study, consider factors such as habitat preference, activity patterns, and size. Urban dwellers might encounter gray or red squirrels more frequently, while forest enthusiasts may be more interested in flying squirrels or boreal species. Understanding each species’ behavior and habitat helps in locating and appreciating them effectively.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Are squirrels in Alberta dangerous to humans? Generally, no. Squirrels are shy and prefer to avoid humans. However, they can bite if threatened or cornered.
- Do Alberta squirrels carry diseases? Some squirrels can carry parasites or diseases like rabies, but transmission to humans is rare. Avoid handling wild squirrels directly.
- What do squirrels eat in Alberta? Their diet mainly includes nuts, seeds, berries, fungi, and sometimes insects. Urban squirrels might also scavenge from bird feeders.
- Are there any endangered squirrel species in Alberta? Most common squirrel species are not endangered, but habitat loss could threaten local populations of certain species like the flying squirrel.
- When is the best time to see squirrels in Alberta? Squirrels are most active during spring and summer. Early mornings and late afternoons are ideal for wildlife observation.
Final Thoughts
Alberta’s diverse habitats support a wide range of squirrel species, each contributing uniquely to the local ecosystem. From the agile flying squirrels gliding through the canopy to ground-dwelling chipmunks and ground squirrels, these creatures offer fascinating insights into the province’s natural world. Whether you’re a casual observer or a dedicated wildlife enthusiast, understanding these species enhances your appreciation of Alberta’s rich biodiversity and encourages conservation efforts to protect their habitats for generations to come.
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