North Carolina is home to a diverse array of squirrel species, each with unique characteristics and habits. Whether you’re a wildlife enthusiast, a homeowner dealing with squirrels, or simply curious about local wildlife, this list covers the most common and interesting squirrels found across the state. Discover the differences between species, their habitats, and what makes each one special.
Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
The Eastern Gray Squirrel is perhaps the most recognizable squirrel in North Carolina, thanks to its predominantly gray fur and bushy tail. They are highly adaptable, thriving in urban parks, suburban neighborhoods, and deciduous forests. Known for their intelligence and agility, Gray Squirrels are often seen darting across power lines or storing acorns for winter, making them a familiar sight for many residents.
Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
The Fox Squirrel is notable for its large size and reddish-orange fur, especially in the southern parts of North Carolina. They prefer open woodlands, pine forests, and areas with scattered trees, where they can easily forage for nuts, seeds, and fruits. Their striking coloration and larger stature make them stand out among other local squirrels, and they are known for their loud, chattering calls.
Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Unlike the ground-dwelling species, the Southern Flying Squirrel is a small, nocturnal creature that glides between trees using a flap of skin called a patagium. They are common in mature forests and wooded neighborhoods, often nesting in tree cavities or birdhouses. Their cute appearance and silent gliding make them a favorite among wildlife watchers, although they are rarely seen during daylight hours.
Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus)
Often mistaken for squirrels, Eastern Chipmunks are smaller rodents with distinctive stripes running from their heads to their backs. They are ground dwellers, living in burrows and foraging for nuts, berries, and insects. Their energetic behavior and cheek pouches filled with food make them a charming and familiar presence in parks and gardens.
Southern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger niger)
A subspecies of the Fox Squirrel, the Southern Fox Squirrel is especially common in North Carolina’s coastal plains. They are larger than Gray Squirrels, with reddish or yellowish fur and a more robust build. Their preference for open pine forests and farmland areas makes them an important part of the local ecosystem, aiding in seed dispersion.
Bald Eagle Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis baldwinensis)
This rare subspecies of the Eastern Gray Squirrel is distinguished by its slightly darker fur and is primarily found in the coastal regions of North Carolina. They prefer mature hardwood forests and are often seen foraging in the canopy or scurrying along branches. Their subtle differences make them a point of interest for squirrel enthusiasts and researchers alike.
Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Sometimes confused with the North Carolina Flying Squirrel, this nocturnal species is smaller with a more prominent tail. They are essential for forest health, helping control insect populations and aiding in seed dispersal. Their ability to glide long distances makes them fascinating subjects for wildlife observation, especially in wooded residential areas.
How to Choose
When selecting a squirrel species to observe or attract, consider your local habitat, the squirrel’s size, activity pattern, and diet. For example, urban dwellers are more likely to see Gray Squirrels, while those near forests might encounter Flying Squirrels or Fox Squirrels. Understanding each species’ habits helps in appreciating their role in the ecosystem and in making informed decisions about managing or coexisting with them.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are there any invasive squirrel species in North Carolina?
Currently, most squirrel species in North Carolina are native. However, the introduction of non-native species like the Eastern Fox Squirrel has occasionally led to conflicts with native wildlife, but they are generally considered part of the local ecosystem now.
What is the best way to attract squirrels to my yard?
Providing a variety of nuts, seeds, and fruits, along with shelter like birdhouses or dense shrubbery, can attract squirrels. Avoid using pesticides that could harm their food sources or the squirrels themselves.
Are squirrels dangerous to humans?
Generally, squirrels are not dangerous but can bite if they feel threatened. They can also carry parasites or diseases, so it’s best to observe from a distance and avoid handling them without proper precautions.
How do I identify a flying squirrel at night?
Flying squirrels are small, with large eyes and a gliding membrane that stretches between their limbs. They are most active at night, so spotting them involves observing the movement of gliding silhouettes between trees after dusk.
Can squirrels damage my property?
Yes, squirrels can cause damage by gnawing on electrical wires, insulation, or wood structures. Properly securing trash cans and removing food sources can help minimize conflicts.
Final Thoughts
North Carolina’s diverse habitats support a rich variety of squirrel species, each contributing uniquely to the local ecosystem. Recognizing these different types helps deepen appreciation for the state’s wildlife and informs better coexistence strategies. Whether you’re watching a Gray Squirrel stash acorns or marveling at a Flying Squirrel’s glide, understanding these creatures enhances your connection to North Carolina’s natural world.
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