In police radio communication, the phrase “10-20” is a shorthand code meaning “location” or “where are you?” It is part of the Ten-Codes or ten signals used by law enforcement officers to communicate efficiently and clearly over radio channels.
The Origin and Purpose of Ten-Codes
Ten-Codes originated in the 1930s and 1940s as a standardized system to streamline police radio communication. The primary goal was to reduce the time spent transmitting common phrases and to ensure clarity during potentially noisy or chaotic situations. By assigning numeric codes to common questions and responses, officers could quickly convey vital information without lengthy explanations.
What Does “10-20” Specifically Refer To?
“10-20” specifically means “location” or “where are you?” When an officer or dispatcher asks “What’s your 10-20?” they are requesting the other party to specify their current location. Conversely, an officer might respond with their location, such as “My 10-20 is the intersection of Main and 3rd.” This allows dispatch and other officers to coordinate effectively, especially during pursuits, emergencies, or when coordinating multiple units.
Examples of Usage in Police Communication
- Dispatch to Officer: “Unit 12, what’s your 10-20?”
- Officer Response: “My 10-20 is the corner of Elm and Maple.”
- Officer to Dispatch: “10-20 at the scene of the incident on Oak Street.”
This shorthand method enables quick and unambiguous communication, especially in high-stress situations where clarity is critical.
Relation to Other 10-Codes and Common Misconceptions
While “10-20” is widely recognized, it is just one of many ten-codes used in police radio communication. Examples include:
- “10-4” – Acknowledgment or message received.
- “10-7” – Out of service or off-duty.
- “10-8” – In service or available.
It’s important to note that not all law enforcement agencies use the same codes, and some have adopted plain language policies to improve clarity and interoperability. The misconception that all agencies universally use ten-codes can lead to confusion, especially during multi-agency operations.
Modern Trends and Plain Language Policies
In recent years, many police departments have shifted away from traditional ten-codes like “10-20” toward plain language communication. This change aims to reduce misunderstandings, especially in multi-jurisdictional situations or media coverage. For example, instead of asking “What’s your 10-20?” officers might simply say, “Where are you?”
Despite this trend, the use of ten-codes persists in many agencies, often for internal consistency and efficiency. Understanding these codes remains useful for those studying law enforcement practices or following police radio broadcasts.
Practical Tips for Understanding Police Radio Codes
- Learn the common codes used by specific agencies or regions, as they can vary.
- Pay attention to context; not all numbers are used universally.
- Recognize that plain language is increasingly common, especially in formal or public-facing communications.
- Use resources like police radio code lists or training manuals for accurate reference.
In summary, “10-20” in police radio communication is shorthand for “location,” enabling officers and dispatchers to quickly share and understand positions during operations. Its continued use underscores the importance of clear, efficient communication in law enforcement, even as some agencies transition to plain language systems.
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