Alberta is known for its diverse wildlife, including a surprising variety of lizard species adapted to its temperate climate. Whether you’re a nature lover, a student, or someone curious about local reptiles, this list covers the most common and notable lizard species found across Alberta. Understanding these lizards helps in appreciating their ecological roles and ensures respectful observation during outdoor adventures.
Common Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris)
Although primarily associated with southwestern North America, the collared lizard has occasionally been spotted in southern Alberta’s warmer microclimates. Recognized by its distinctive black collar around the neck and vibrant green or yellow coloration, this lizard is fast-moving and prefers rocky, sunlit habitats. Its presence in Alberta is rare but noteworthy for enthusiasts interested in observing rare species.
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
The western fence lizard is one of the more widespread lizard species in Alberta, especially in the southern regions. It features a rough, spiny appearance with a brown or gray coloration and often displays blue patches on its belly and throat. This lizard is beneficial for controlling insect populations and is frequently seen basking on fences, rocks, or logs during the warmer months.
Woodland or Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata)
While primarily found in the Pacific Northwest, the northern alligator lizard can occasionally be seen in the southern parts of Alberta, especially in moist forested areas. It has a slender body with a series of dark, irregular bands and a slightly flattened head resembling an alligator. Its secretive nature makes it a fascinating find for those exploring Alberta’s woodlands.
Great Basin Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus bicinctores)
This species is extremely rare in Alberta, with only occasional verified sightings in the southernmost parts. It has a robust body with vivid coloration, often yellow or green with black bands. Recognized for its territorial behavior and impressive speed, the Great Basin collared lizard is a prized sighting for herpetologists and dedicated wildlife watchers.
Skinks (Genus Eumeces or Plestiodon)
Alberta hosts several skink species, notably the five-lined skink (Plestiodon fasciatus), although their presence is mostly limited to southern regions. These small, smooth-scaled lizards have shiny bodies with distinctive stripes running down their backs. They prefer forested or rocky habitats and are known for their quick movements and ability to shed their tails when threatened.
Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
While technically a snake, the garter snake often gets mistaken for a lizard due to its slender body and habit of basking in the sun. It is widespread across Alberta, inhabiting grasslands, wetlands, and forest edges. Its distinctive striped pattern and non-aggressive nature make it a familiar sight and an important part of local ecosystems.
How to Choose
When selecting a lizard to observe or study in Alberta, consider factors like habitat, size, coloration, and behavior. Some species prefer rocky or sunny environments, while others thrive in forests or wetlands. Pay attention to the lizard’s physical features—such as the presence of a collar, spines, or distinctive stripes—to accurately identify them. Also, think about the time of year and weather conditions, as many lizards are more active during warm, sunny days in late spring and summer.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are lizards common in Alberta?
No, most lizard species are rare or only occasionally sighted in Alberta due to its cooler climate. The most common ones are the western fence lizard and various skinks in the southern regions.
Can I find lizards in northern Alberta?
Lizards are rarely found in northern Alberta because of the colder temperatures and shorter summers. Most sightings are confined to the southern parts of the province.
Are lizards in Alberta dangerous?
No, Alberta’s native lizards are harmless to humans. They pose no threat and are beneficial for controlling insect populations.
When is the best time to see lizards in Alberta?
The best time is during the late spring to early fall, from May through September, when the weather warms up and lizards become more active basking in the sun.
How can I safely observe lizards without disturbing them?
Keep a respectful distance, move slowly, and avoid handling or capturing them. Use binoculars for a closer look and stay on designated trails to minimize habitat disturbance.
Final Thoughts
Although Alberta is not traditionally known for its lizard diversity, the few species that inhabit its southern regions offer a fascinating glimpse into the adaptation of reptiles to cooler climates. Whether you’re a casual observer or a dedicated herpetologist, understanding the different types of lizards in Alberta enhances your appreciation of local wildlife. Always remember to observe responsibly, respecting their natural habitats to ensure these creatures can thrive for generations to come.
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