Ontario is primarily known for its diverse array of wildlife, but when it comes to lizards, many people are surprised to learn about the species that inhabit this northern region. Whether you’re a nature lover, a student, or a homeowner curious about local reptiles, understanding the types of lizards in Ontario can enhance your appreciation of the local ecosystem. This guide covers the most common and notable lizard species found in Ontario, providing detailed descriptions to help you identify and understand their role in the environment.
Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
The Eastern Fence Lizard is one of the few lizard species that can occasionally be spotted in southern Ontario, especially near rocky outcrops and sunny areas. Recognizable by its rough, spiny scales and distinctive blue patches on the belly, it prefers open, sunlit habitats that offer plenty of basking spots. Despite being more common in the eastern United States, some individuals have been recorded in the extreme southern parts of Ontario, making it a fascinating find for local herpetologists.
Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata)
This fast-moving, slender lizard is notable for its six distinct lines running down its back, which can be yellow, green, or brown. While primarily found in the southern U.S., rare sightings have occurred in southwestern Ontario, especially in disturbed habitats like roadsides and abandoned lots. Its agility and bright markings make it a favorite among wildlife watchers, although sightings are infrequent and require keen observation.
Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
The Common Five-lined Skink is the most widespread skink in Ontario, easily identified by its shiny, smooth scales and five distinct yellow or white stripes running from head to tail. They prefer deciduous forests, rocky areas, and woodpiles, where they hunt insects and small invertebrates. Juveniles are especially colorful, with bright blue tails that fade as they mature, making them a delightful species for field identification.
Northern Prairie Skink (Plestiodon septentrionalis)
This skink is more elusive and prefers the grasslands and prairies of southwestern Ontario. It has a more muted coloration compared to the five-lined skink, with a robust body and less prominent stripes. Due to its secretive nature, it’s less commonly seen, but it plays a crucial role in controlling insect populations and maintaining healthy grassland ecosystems.
Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus)
Often mistaken for a snake, the Slender Glass Lizard is actually a legless lizard that can occasionally be found in southern Ontario, particularly in sandy or loose soil environments. Its transparent, glass-like appearance and long, slender body give it a unique look among local reptiles. It prefers open habitats such as dunes or prairies and is beneficial for controlling pest insects underground.
Gray Tree Lizard (Urosaurus griseus)
Although primarily a western species, rare reports suggest that Gray Tree Lizards might occasionally wander into Ontario, especially in urban or suburban environments with abundant trees and shrubs. Recognizable by its grayish coloration and ability to climb trees and walls, it thrives in areas with ample cover and basking spots. Its presence indicates the adaptability of lizards to various urban habitats.
How to Choose
When selecting or trying to identify a lizard in Ontario, consider factors such as habitat, size, coloration, and behavior. Look at the environment where the lizard was found—rocky areas, forests, grasslands, or urban settings—as different species prefer different habitats. Pay attention to physical features like stripe patterns, tail color, and scale texture. Also, note the lizard’s activity pattern—some are more active during the day, while others may be more secretive or nocturnal. Understanding these aspects helps in accurate identification and appreciation of each species’ ecological niche.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Are there venomous lizards in Ontario? No, all lizard species in Ontario are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans.
- Can I keep Ontario lizards as pets? Most native species are protected by law and should not be removed from their habitat. It’s best to observe and appreciate them in the wild.
- What is the best time of year to see lizards in Ontario? Lizards are most active from late spring through early fall, especially during warm, sunny days.
- How can I attract lizards to my yard? Provide sunny basking spots, such as rocks or logs, and maintain a natural landscape with shrubs and leaf litter to offer shelter and food sources.
- Are lizards in Ontario endangered? Some species, like the Slender Glass Lizard, are considered rare or threatened, so it’s important to observe without disturbing their habitat.
Final Thoughts
While Ontario might not be the first place that comes to mind when thinking of lizards, the region hosts a surprising variety of these fascinating reptiles. From the common five-lined skink to the elusive glass lizard, each species contributes uniquely to the local ecosystem. Recognizing and understanding these lizards not only enriches your appreciation of Ontario’s wildlife but also emphasizes the importance of preserving their habitats. Whether you’re a casual observer or a dedicated herpetologist, keeping an eye out for these creatures can lead to rewarding encounters and a deeper connection with nature.
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