Canada is not typically known for its lizard diversity, but a few hardy species do make their homes here. This list covers the main types of lizards found across the country, ideal for wildlife enthusiasts, students, and anyone curious about Canada’s reptilian inhabitants. Whether you’re a casual observer or a herpetology enthusiast, understanding these species can deepen your appreciation of Canada’s unique ecosystems.
Common Six-Lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata)
The six-lined racerunner is one of the few lizard species that occasionally ventures into southern parts of Canada, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. Recognizable by its slender body and six distinctive black lines running down its back, this lizard is fast-moving and active during the summer months. Its ability to adapt to disturbed habitats like urban areas makes it an interesting species for those observing urban wildlife.
Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
Though primarily found in the western United States, the western fence lizard has been recorded in southwestern parts of British Columbia, especially in areas with rocky outcrops and woodlands. It features rough, spiny scales and a vibrant blue coloration on the males’ throats during the breeding season. This species is worth noting because it is one of the few lizard species that can survive in temperate climates with cooler temperatures.
Common Five-Lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
While more common in the eastern United States, the five-lined skink has been occasionally reported in southern Ontario, often in wooded areas and gardens. It has a sleek, shiny body with five distinct light lines running from head to tail, and juveniles display bright blue tails that fade as they mature. Its presence indicates healthy forest ecosystems and it is appreciated for its harmless, beneficial role in controlling insect populations.
Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus)
The slender glass lizard, often mistaken for a snake, is found in southern Ontario, especially in grasslands and open woodlands. It has a long, legless body covered in smooth scales that give it a glass-like appearance when sunlight hits it. This species is fascinating because it exhibits limb reduction, a rare trait among lizards, and is an indicator of healthy, undisturbed habitats.
Northern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
Rarely seen but occasionally reported in southern Ontario, the northern fence lizard resembles its western cousin but is generally smaller and less vibrantly colored. It prefers rocky hillsides and open forests and is active during the warmer months. Its presence in Canada is a testament to the species’ remarkable adaptability to cooler climates compared to other fence lizards.
Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis)
Primarily found in the southeastern United States, the eastern glass lizard has been sporadically reported in southern Ontario, especially in grassland habitats. Like other glass lizards, it is limbless and long, with a slender body. Its ability to survive in cooler environments makes it a species of interest for researchers studying adaptation and habitat range expansion.
How to Choose
When selecting a lizard to observe or study, consider factors like habitat preference, activity period, and physical features. For instance, if you’re interested in quick-moving, colorful lizards, the six-lined racerunner is a good choice. Conversely, if you prefer species that thrive in forests, the five-lined skink or fence lizard might be more relevant. Also, consider conservation status and whether the species is common or rare in your area to ensure responsible observation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are lizards common in Canada?
Lizards are relatively rare in Canada due to the colder climate, but a few hardy species live in southern regions and during the warmer months.
Can I keep Canadian lizards as pets?
Most native Canadian lizards are protected by laws, and keeping wild species as pets is discouraged. Instead, consider observing them in their natural habitat or supporting conservation efforts.
What is the best time to see lizards in Canada?
The best time to observe lizards in Canada is during late spring through early fall when they are most active in warm weather.
Are any of these lizards endangered?
Most lizard species in Canada are not endangered, but habitat loss and climate change threaten some populations, especially the more rare or localized species.
How can I identify a Canadian lizard?
Identification involves noting features like body size, color patterns, limb presence, and habitat. Field guides and local wildlife agencies can assist with accurate identification.
Final Thoughts
While Canada’s cold climate limits the diversity of lizards, the species that do inhabit its southern regions showcase fascinating adaptations and ecological roles. Recognizing and understanding these lizards enhances appreciation for Canada’s lesser-known wildlife and highlights the importance of preserving their habitats. Whether you’re a casual nature lover or a dedicated herpetologist, observing these resilient creatures offers a rewarding glimpse into the country’s natural diversity.
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