Colorado is home to a fascinating variety of lizard species, each adapted to the state’s diverse habitats from rocky deserts to mountain forests. Whether you’re a nature lover, a hiker, or a beginner herpetologist, understanding the different types of lizards you’ll encounter can enrich your outdoor experience. This list covers the most common and interesting lizard species in Colorado, providing detailed insights into their appearance, behavior, and habitat preferences to help you identify and appreciate these captivating creatures.
Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
The Eastern Fence Lizard is one of Colorado’s most widespread and recognizable lizards, often seen basking on rocks or tree trunks during warmer months. It features a rough, spiny appearance with a coloration that ranges from gray to brown, often with dark, irregular patterns. These lizards are highly territorial and thrive in rocky outcrops, woodlands, and suburban areas with plenty of sun exposure, making them a common sight for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts.
Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus tristichus)
The Plateau Lizard inhabits the higher elevations of Colorado’s mesas and rocky slopes, particularly in the southern parts of the state. It has a more subdued coloration, often blending perfectly with its rocky surroundings, with shades of brown and gray and faint banding. This species is known for its agility and quick movements, often darting into crevices when disturbed. Its preference for arid, rocky environments makes it a fascinating species for those exploring Colorado’s rugged terrains.
Common Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)
Typically found in sagebrush deserts and open woodlands, the Common Sagebrush Lizard is characterized by a slender body and a vibrant blue patch on its throat, especially prominent during the breeding season. Its coloration varies from tan to gray, providing excellent camouflage among sagebrush and dry grasses. This lizard is active during the day and often seen perched on low shrubs or rocks, making it a favorite among wildlife watchers interested in desert ecosystems.
Northern Prairie Lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus)
Although less common in Colorado, the Northern Prairie Lizard can be spotted in the eastern plains’ grasslands and prairies. It has a robust body with dark, irregular markings and a light-colored underside. These lizards prefer open, grassy areas with scattered shrubs and are often seen basking on rocks or fence posts. Their adaptability to prairie habitats highlights their importance in the local food chain, often serving as prey for birds of prey and snakes.
Great Basin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus)
This subspecies of the Western Fence Lizard is found in the southwestern parts of Colorado, especially in rocky canyons and dry forests. It has a slightly darker, more mottled appearance compared to its eastern counterparts, with a preference for shaded rocky crevices. Its ability to survive in arid environments and its striking blue belly during the breeding season make it a notable species for those exploring Colorado’s southwestern landscapes.
Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus)
Commonly seen in rocky desert areas and shrublands, the Striped Plateau Lizard features a distinctive pattern of dark stripes running down its back and sides. Its coloration varies but often includes shades of brown, gray, and black, which help it blend into rocky and sandy environments. These lizards are quick and agile, often seen darting across the ground or basking on sunlit rocks, making them a favorite for photographers and nature observers.
Western Whiptail (Aspidoscelis tigris)
The Western Whiptail is a highly active, fast-moving lizard that prefers open, arid regions such as deserts and grasslands. It has a slim, elongated body with a pattern of dark lines or spots on a light background, which helps it evade predators. Known for its speed and agility, the Western Whiptail is often seen darting across the ground or climbing low shrubs, making it an exciting species to spot during outdoor excursions.
Long-Tailed Brush Lizard (Ameiva ameiva)
While more common in southern states, occasional sightings of the Long-Tailed Brush Lizard have been reported in Colorado’s southeastern regions. It features a slender body with a notably long tail and vibrant coloration, often with green or brown hues. This species prefers brushy and semi-arid habitats and is known for its active foraging behavior during the day. Its striking appearance and active lifestyle make it a captivating species for enthusiasts.
How to Choose
When selecting which lizard to observe or study, consider factors such as habitat preference, coloration, size, and behavior. Identifying the lizard’s preferred environment—rocky slopes, deserts, grasslands, or forests—can narrow down options. Pay attention to physical features like patterning and coloration, which are key for accurate identification. Also, observe activity patterns: some species are diurnal, basking in the sun, while others are more elusive or active during cooler parts of the day. Knowing these details helps in both spotting and understanding the lizard species you encounter.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Are lizards in Colorado venomous? No, all lizard species in Colorado are non-venomous and harmless to humans.
- When are lizards most active in Colorado? Most Colorado lizards are diurnal, active from late spring through early fall, especially during warm, sunny days.
- Can I keep Colorado lizards as pets? While some species are kept in captivity, it’s important to check local regulations and ensure you can replicate their natural habitat to keep them healthy.
- How can I differentiate between male and female lizards? Males often have brighter coloration, especially on the throat or belly, and may have larger or more prominent femoral pores. However, sexing can be challenging without close examination or expert help.
- What should I do if I find a lizard injured? Contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or herpetologist for advice; do not attempt to handle or move injured wildlife without proper training.
Final Thoughts
Colorado’s diverse landscapes support a surprisingly rich variety of lizard species, each with unique adaptations and behaviors. From the spiny Eastern Fence Lizard to the swift Western Whiptail, these reptiles add vibrancy and ecological importance to Colorado’s ecosystems. Whether you’re an avid herpetologist, a casual nature observer, or a photographer, learning to identify and appreciate these lizards can deepen your connection to Colorado’s natural beauty. Remember to observe them respectfully and responsibly, ensuring their habitats remain healthy and intact for generations to come.
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