Montana is home to a surprisingly diverse range of lizard species, despite its reputation for cold winters and rugged terrain. This listicle is designed for nature lovers, hikers, herpetology enthusiasts, and anyone curious about the reptiles that inhabit Big Sky Country. Whether you’re an experienced observer or a casual explorer, understanding the types of lizards found in Montana can enhance your outdoor adventures and deepen your appreciation for the state’s unique wildlife.
1. Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
The Western Fence Lizard is one of Montana’s most common and recognizable lizards. It features a rough, spiny appearance with a coloration that varies from brown to gray, often with blue patches on the belly and throat. These lizards are primarily found in rocky outcroppings, sagebrush areas, and woodlands, where they bask in the sun and hunt insects. Their adaptability to different habitats makes them a favorite among local naturalists and a key part of Montana’s ecological web.
2. Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus)
The Sagebrush Lizard is well-adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions of Montana, particularly in sagebrush steppe environments. It has a slender body, with coloration that blends seamlessly into dry shrublands—ranging from sandy browns to grays. These lizards are quick movers, often seen darting across rocks and shrubs, where they hunt for insects and small invertebrates. Their ability to tolerate high temperatures and sparse vegetation makes them a resilient species in Montana’s dry landscapes.
3. Painted Lizard (Cophosaurus texanus)
While more common in southern states, occasional sightings of Painted Lizards have been reported in Montana’s southernmost regions, especially near the border with more southern habitats. They are characterized by bright, vibrant coloration—orange, yellow, and black markings—that resemble a painted canvas. These lizards prefer rocky hillsides and open woodlands and are appreciated for their striking appearance and active foraging behavior. Their presence in Montana is rare but notable for enthusiasts interested in spotting unique species.
4. Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea)
The Northern Alligator Lizard is a semi-fossorial species that inhabits moist, forested areas and rocky slopes in Montana. It has a somewhat flattened, elongated body with a dark brown or black coloration, often with lighter speckling or striping. These lizards are known for their strong jaws and their ability to drop their tails to escape predators. They are primarily active during the day, hunting insects, spiders, and small invertebrates under logs, rocks, and leaf litter.
5. Common Side-blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)
This small lizard is prevalent in Montana’s dry, open areas and is easily identifiable by the distinctive dark blotch behind its front legs. It exhibits a range of color morphs, from browns and grays to more vibrant hues, depending on environmental conditions. The Side-blotched Lizard is quick and agile, often seen basking on rocks or darting between shrubs. Its adaptability to various habitats makes it a common sight for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts.
6. Great Basin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis biseriatus)
A subspecies of the Western Fence Lizard, the Great Basin Fence Lizard is found in the eastern parts of Montana, particularly in rocky desert environments. It shares many traits with its broader relatives but tends to be slightly larger with more pronounced markings. These lizards thrive in dry, rocky terrains and are often seen sunning themselves on boulders. Their presence indicates healthy, undisturbed habitats that support diverse reptile populations.
7. Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus tristichus)
Although primarily associated with southwestern states, the Plateau Lizard has been documented in Montana’s southeastern regions. It prefers rocky slopes and canyon areas, often blending into the arid, rugged terrain. They are small to medium-sized, with a rough, spiny texture and coloration that ranges from tan to dark brown. These lizards are active during the warm months, feeding on insects and basking on sunlit rocks.
8. Long-tailed Brush Lizard (Urosaurus graciosus)
While more typical of southwestern deserts, sightings of the Long-tailed Brush Lizard have been occasional in Montana’s southeastern desert areas. Known for their long, slender tails and small bodies, they are excellent climbers and often found in shrubs and low trees. Their coloration varies from gray to brown, helping them camouflage against rocky and thorny vegetation. Their agility and distinctive tail make them an interesting species for wildlife watchers.
9. Northern Sagebrush Lizard (Sceloporus graciosus hernandoensis)
This subspecies of the Sagebrush Lizard is adapted specifically to Montana’s sagebrush plains. It shares many physical traits with the general Sagebrush Lizard but has slight variations in coloration and scale patterns. Usually seen basking on rocks or fence posts, it feeds primarily on insects. Its presence is an indicator of healthy sagebrush ecosystems and dry, open habitats.
10. Western Skink (Plestiodon skiltonianus)
The Western Skink is one of the few lizard species in Montana that has a smooth, shiny appearance and a distinctive blue tail in juveniles. Adults are typically brown or gray with a series of faint stripes down the back. They prefer moist, wooded areas with plenty of leaf litter, logs, and rocks for cover. Known for their quick movements and burrowing habits, Western Skinks are a vital part of Montana’s forest floor ecosystem.
How to Choose
When selecting which lizard species to observe or prioritize, consider habitat preference, activity patterns, and physical characteristics. Think about the environment you’ll explore—rocky outcrops, sagebrush plains, forests, or deserts—and choose species adapted to those conditions. Size, coloration, and behavior can also help in identification. For photographers and nature watchers, focusing on species with distinctive markings or behaviors can make sightings more rewarding. Always respect local wildlife regulations and avoid disturbing their natural habitats.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are lizards in Montana dangerous to humans?
No, Montana lizards are generally harmless. They may bite if handled roughly, but their bites are minor and not venomous.
When are lizards most active in Montana?
Most lizards are active from late spring through early fall, with peak activity during the warmest months of June to August.
How can I tell different lizard species apart?
Key features include size, coloration, scale texture, habitat preference, and behavior. Field guides and local experts can help with accurate identification.
Are lizards in Montana protected?
Most native Montana lizards are not protected, but it’s important to observe them without disturbing their habitats. Check local regulations for specific species protections.
What should I do if I find a lizard in trouble?
Handle with care and gently relocate it to a nearby suitable habitat if necessary. Avoid handling if you’re unsure of the species or if it appears injured; contact local wildlife authorities for guidance.
Final Thoughts
Montana’s reptile diversity offers a fascinating glimpse into the state’s ecological variety. From the resilient Western Fence Lizard to the elusive Plateau Lizard, each species plays an important role in its environment. By understanding their habitats, behaviors, and identification features, outdoor enthusiasts can enrich their Montana adventures. Remember to observe wildlife responsibly, respect their habitats, and enjoy the unique lizard species that make Montana a remarkable place for herpetology exploration.
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