New Jersey is home to a surprising variety of lizard species, many of which are often overlooked by casual observers. Whether you’re a nature lover, a student studying local wildlife, or a homeowner curious about the reptiles in your yard, understanding the types of lizards found in the Garden State can deepen your appreciation for its ecological diversity. This list covers the most common and notable lizard species in New Jersey, providing detailed descriptions to help you identify and learn about each one.
Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
The Eastern Fence Lizard is one of the most widespread lizards in New Jersey, often seen basking on rocks, logs, or fences during warm months. Recognizable by its rough, spiny scales and distinctive blue patches on the belly, it measures about 4 to 8 inches long. This species prefers open, sunny habitats like forest edges and rocky outcrops, and it plays a vital role in controlling insect populations.
Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata)
The Six-lined Racerunner is notable for its slender body and six distinct black lines running lengthwise across its tan or brown background. Usually about 8 inches long, it is a fast-moving lizard that favors sandy or loose soil areas such as pine barrens and coastal plains. Its speed and agility make it a fascinating species to observe, and it primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates.
Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
The Common Five-lined Skink is distinguished by its shiny, smooth scales and five bright yellow or white stripes running down its back. Juveniles display a striking blue tail, which fades as they mature. Typically measuring 5 to 8 inches, this skink prefers wooded areas, leaf litter, and logs, where it hunts for insects and small invertebrates. Its ability to drop and regrow its tail makes it a resilient survivor in urban and rural settings.
Northern Coal Skink (Plestiodon anthracinus)
Often confused with the five-lined skink, the Northern Coal Skink is darker with a more uniform, chocolate-brown coloration and less prominent stripes. It is usually found in moist, wooded environments and is less common in the northern parts of New Jersey. Growing up to 6 inches long, it feeds on insects, spiders, and small invertebrates, contributing to the health of forest ecosystems.
Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps)
The Broad-headed Skink is one of the larger skinks in the region, reaching up to 14 inches in length. Its robust head and thick body differentiate it from other skinks, and it has a shiny, smooth appearance with a dark body and yellow or orange markings. Found mainly in deciduous forests and suburban areas, it prefers hiding under logs, rocks, or leaf litter and primarily preys on insects.
Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus)
While not technically a lizard, the Slender Glass Lizard is often mistaken for one due to its elongated, snake-like body. It can grow up to 3 feet long and has a smooth, shiny appearance with a coloration that varies from brown to gray. It favors open grasslands, fields, and sandy areas, where it burrows and hunts for insects and small invertebrates. Its ability to shed its tail helps it escape predators.
Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis)
The Green Anole is a small, vibrant lizard often seen clinging to shrubs, fences, or walls. It measures about 5 to 8 inches and is famous for its ability to change color from bright green to brown, depending on mood and temperature. Preferring warm, humid environments, it is common in gardens and urban areas with plenty of vegetation. Its diet mainly consists of insects like flies and small spiders.
Southern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
A subspecies of the Eastern Fence Lizard, the Southern Fence Lizard is similar in appearance but is more common in southern parts of New Jersey. It exhibits the same spiny scales and blue belly patches, thriving in rocky, open habitats. Its adaptability to suburban environments makes it a frequent sight in backyard gardens and parks, where it helps control pest insects.
Wood Lizard (Lacerta viridis)
Though extremely rare and more commonly found further south, occasional sightings of the Wood Lizard have been reported in southern New Jersey. Recognized by its bright green color and slender body, it prefers forest clearings and woodland edges. Its presence indicates healthy, undisturbed habitats, and it primarily feeds on insects and small invertebrates.
How to Choose
When selecting or observing lizards in New Jersey, focus on key factors such as habitat, size, coloration, and behavior. Identification is easiest when noting the environment—rocky outcrops, forests, or sandy plains—as well as physical traits like stripe patterns, head shape, and tail color. Consider your purpose: for photography, patience and knowledge of their preferred basking spots help; for educational purposes, understanding their ecological roles enhances appreciation. Always respect local wildlife regulations and avoid disturbing these creatures in their natural habitats.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Are lizards in New Jersey dangerous to humans? No, most lizards in New Jersey are harmless and pose no threat to humans. They generally avoid contact and will only bite if handled aggressively.
- What is the most common lizard in New Jersey? The Eastern Fence Lizard is the most widespread and easily spotted species across various habitats in the state.
- Do lizards hibernate in New Jersey? Yes, many lizard species, like skinks and fence lizards, hibernate during the cold winter months, often under rocks, logs, or in leaf litter.
- Can I keep a lizard as a pet from New Jersey? While some species like the Green Anole are popular pets, always check local laws and regulations regarding wildlife collection and captivity. Many native species are protected and should be appreciated in their natural environment.
- How can I attract lizards to my yard? Provide sunny basking spots, such as rocks and logs, keep the area free of pesticides, and plant native shrubs and ground cover to offer shelter and hunting grounds for insects.
Final Thoughts
New Jersey’s diverse habitats support a surprisingly rich array of lizard species, each playing an important role in local ecosystems. From the common Fence Lizard to the rare sightings of glass lizards, understanding these reptiles helps foster appreciation and conservation efforts. Whether you’re an urban explorer or a rural naturalist, observing these lizards can deepen your connection to the Garden State’s vibrant wildlife. Remember to respect their habitats and enjoy the fascinating world of New Jersey’s lizards responsibly.
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